Murdoch, Matthew Cochrane (1909–2006)

Matthew Murdoch was a Scottish Adventist missionary to Kenya who helped establish the Adventist work in Kenya, serving in various stations, among them the Chebwai mission in Western Kenya.

Early Life

Matthew Murdoch¹ was born on May 3, 1909, in New Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotland.² He was the ninth of the eleven children of John Lamont Murdoch (1855-1946) and Margaret Cochrane (1871-1933).³ He grew up at the family farm home in Craigie, Ayrshire, Scotland, and he began his education at the local school where he walked three miles to attend every morning.⁴ He also had to milk the family’s cows as a young boy.

Becoming an Adventist

It was a canvasser who first came in touch with the Murdoch family in Ayrshire in 1915.⁵ When the canvasser noted the interest by Mrs. Murdoch, he sent for Pastor J. J. Gillatt, an Adventist evangelist and minister, to foster their interest.⁶ Pastor Gillatt conducted further Bible study, then Mrs. Murdoch accepted the faith and became an Adventist. She ensured that the entire family became Adventist, and even her own children went on to serve in ministry. Matthew was only 6 years old when his mother became an Adventist, and he soon followed the interest his mother had in the faith. His entire family moved to Watford in Southern England, and he enrolled at the Stanborough Park Academy, where he continued his education. After his secondary education, he moved to college where he graduated with a ministerial degree in 1929 at the age of 20.⁷ He was immediately sent to Wales, where he pastored several churches, working there for four years. His starting salary was £2.25 a week (£2.25 in 1929 equivalent to £179.13 in 2024 or US$ 235.21 adjusted for inflation and purchasing parity).⁸ He rigorously conducted evangelism campaigns, held meetings in Risca, South Wales, drawing crowds of over 500 attendees.⁹ Once, in 1933, in Abertillery, the situation became so intense that police were called to manage the crowd of 1,200 people attempting to enter his meetings in the Drill Hall.¹⁰

Marriage and Family

It was in Wales that he met Ethel May Davies, and in 1932, they were married on the Welsh seaside town of Rhyl, four hours north of Cardiff. They were blessed with a daughter, Megan, who was born when they were in Kenya. Megan took on a career in music. In 1967, she married Leslie Riskowitz at the New Gallery Center in London.¹¹ Leslie Riskowitz, who was Jewish,¹² was an outstanding musician and had been chosen to play the organ at the 1980 General Conference Session at Dallas, Texas.¹³ He was born on April 16, 1926, to Lithuanian Jews Yisroel “Joe” Riskowitz and Chana Riskowitz (née Margolis).¹⁴ His parents emigrated to South Africa, where he grew up and began an illustrious musical career. He moved to London in 1952 and became an Adventist. It was here that he met and married Megan Murdoch, both with elaborate musical careers.

Mission Service

In was in 1934 that British Union Conference President W. E. Read asked Matthew Murdoch to go to Africa, either in West Africa or East Africa.¹⁵ Matthew had been ordained to the Gospel ministry in Salem Welsh Baptist Chapel, Cardiff, on October 20, 1934.¹⁶ He then accepted the call to mission and packed his goods for the voyage to Mombasa. He had purchased a Buick car from the mayor of Ebbw Vale¹⁷ in Wales for £5 (in 1934 £5 is worth £448.46 or US$589.37 in 2024 adjusted for inflation and purchase parity).¹⁸

His vehicle had to be shipped by train since there was no road between Mombasa and Nairobi at this time. It was eventually offloaded in the final destination – Kisumu, 600 miles away, and then onward by launch to Gendia. Unfortunately, there wasn’t much road network to use it, and where there were roads, they were bad, and when it rained, they got worse. After about two months at Gendia, the Murdochs were moved to their own mission station--Kanyadoto Mission, some 70km south of Gendia. The mission, founded in 1911 by Adventist trader Herbert Sparks, was hot, humid, and endemic for malaria and other diseases. It was situated 28 kilometers from the lake. Murdoch took over from F. H. Thomas, who had only been there two years, most missionaries staying only briefly due to the nature of the area. The Murdochs would not be different.

Despite the high turnover of European missionaries, the Adventist work at Kanyadoto was going on exceptionally well. By 1924, visiting General Conference Vice President for Europe Elder L. H. Christian, described Kanyadoto as “…our strongest mission in Africa.”¹⁹ By 1933, just before Murdoch took over, Kanyadoto had 71 full-time teachers and evangelists spread over the schools and churches in its territory.²⁰ The Murdochs left in 1935 to serve at the South West Kenya Mission at Nyanchwa, in Kisii. The climate here was much finer, and incidences of disease were rarer. It was also here that their daughter Megan was born (she was born at Kendu Mission Hospital). They remained there for two years, until 1937.

North-west Kenya Mission

On February 8, 1937, during the East Africa Union session held in Nairobi and chaired by Pastor Spencer Maxwell, it was voted that Pastor Matthew Murdoch take charge of the newly created North-West Kenya Mission and, at the same time, to care for the European work on the Uasin Gishu Plateau in the west of Kenya.²¹ The European settlers in the district had no Adventist minister except for local farmers David Sparrow and William Cuthbert, who were practicing Adventists. William Cuthbert was, in fact, an Adventist minister and a former missionary who resigned from the ministry in 1931 to become a farmer in Eldoret.²² Several Afrikaner Boer families were also Adventists but lived vast distances apart, making regular church attendance rather difficult. The area had shown strong promise, and so there was need for a full-time minister working among the Europeans. The North-West Kenya Mission was based in Nakuru, and so it was voted to move it to Chebwai. There were already some buildings at Nakuru owned by the Mission. These were sold for £750, and the money voted to be used to establish at Chebwai.²³ The decision to base the mission at Chebwai in Kakamega, and not Kaigat in Nandi where the oldest church in western Kenya was established in 1931²⁴, may have been driven more by the higher population in the Chebwai area and the larger Luhya country. Besides, there was the Macedonian call personally made by the local Chief Mulupi himself who even offered land at Chebwai and also went ahead to petition the Local Native Council to grant the Adventists more land for their mission.²⁵ Matthew C. Murdoch left South-West Kenya and came to Chebwai, the home of the North-west Kenya Mission, to take charge.

Working in Chebwai

The establishment of the Mission at Chebwai in 1936 represented the movement of the Adventist work deeper into Western Kenya. Murdoch arrived at Chebwai, which had no permanent buildings, so they had to construct and live in temporary dwellings for a while.²⁶

When Murdoch arrived in March 1937, he came with the blueprints of the press manager’s house at Gendia to build a similar one at Chebwai using the £750 from the sale of the mission house in Nakuru (equivalent to £64,027.24 or $84,151.14 in 2024 adjusted for inflation and purchasing parity).²⁷

The brick was burnt on site, and works supervised by Murdoch in person. Upon completion, a splendid house stood with a majestic view of the Nandi escarpment and Mt. Elgon. In July 1939, just after the house was complete, Murdoch took an abrupt furlough to England due to his wife’s severe illness; she had contracted malaria (one bout of it nearly cost her life and she had to be transfused with a pint and a half of his blood).²⁸ When she recovered, they returned to their new home, furnishings, and utilities.²⁹ The EAU granted Murdoch a £130 car loan, which he used to oversee the growth of the mission and its schools. This replaced the now worn-out Buick that he had come with from Wales.

The EAU allocated Sh. 1,500 (£75) (equivalent to £6,402.24 or $8,415.14 in 2024 adjusted for inflation and purchasing parity)³⁰ for constructing a sector school at Chebwai and also landscaping the area. Murdoch oversaw the planting of a Kei apple hedge around the mission plot, and he purchased water tanks to make the Mission viable.

With the assistance of F. Achieng, the first headmaster of Chebwai School, and Petero Chetambe, a trained teacher-evangelist, Murdoch expanded educational and spiritual outreach, establishing several churches and schools in the region in rapid succession.³¹ By 1942, the Chebwai School had grown significantly in enrollment, infrastructure, and quality of education, earning praise for its progress and high standards from education authorities in the area. That year, Murdoch secured an additional five acres for the mission, expanding Chebwai Mission’s total land to seventeen acres.³² This made Chebwai the largest mission campus in Kenya. Murdoch oversaw the expansion of mission work into the Mt. Elgon area, establishing a school at Kapsokwony under local leader Samuel Kimkung. He also oversaw the establishment of another school at Chemoge in the Mt. Elgon area as well as at Luandeti, Nzoia and Shandike. This was remarkable progress for just five years of work.³³

Work among the Europeans

As part of mission expansion in northwest Kenya, the EAU Committee tasked Murdoch with focusing on the European settlers in the region, particularly in the farming area of Uasin Gishu Plateau around the town of Eldoret.³⁴ This area had been designated by the government for European settlement, and it was already home to about 18,000 European farmers. Matthew Murdoch was tasked to take charge. The small Adventist community of eight European church members had been holding Sabbath services in their homes since the distances were too far to hold regular church services. On this occasion, elders William Cuthbert and David Sparrow, both of them early Adventists on the plateau, helped secure a large room in the center of Eldoret town, which was converted into an assembly hall with seating for over fifty people.

In September 1937, with limited resources and only five pounds provided by the Union Committee, the evangelistic campaign was launched in Eldoret.³⁵ Despite previous limited efforts to reach the European community, the opening meeting saw an attendance of about sixty people, which remained consistent throughout the series of Sunday lectures by Murdoch.³⁶ By the twentieth lecture, the Sabbath message was presented to over fifty interested attendees, some of whom traveled up to fifty miles each Sunday.³⁷

In the nearby Kitale District, there was also growing interest, with six European Adventists, among them the Krugers and the de Lange’s who were originally from South Africa. Three more started observing the Sabbath and requested baptism.³⁸ The mission work was progressing, and the work was seen as the beginning of a significant spiritual movement in the area. The Highlands Church was eventually organized in this area.

Further Work in Kenya

In 1943, the Murdochs left Chebwai for Gendia.³⁹ D. M. Swaine took over from him at Chebwai. Doubtless, the appointment to Gendia was his largest assignment yet. There were 16 fully organized churches with over 2,054 members in them and nearly five times that number in regular attendees.⁴⁰ He ran the area with six district leaders, four African ministers, and nine evangelists. There was a total of 29 schools with 52 African teachers working there.⁴¹ At the 1943 Gendia campmeeting in August, the Murdochs hosted Southern Africa Division officer Pastor J. M. Hnatyshin and his wife Eunice.⁴² Some 3,500 were in attendance, easily one of the largest gatherings of Adventists anywhere on the continent.⁴³

Moving to South Africa

The Murdochs remained at Gendia until 1945, when they accepted the call to serve in South Africa. Murdoch was appointed to serve as a minister in the Natal-Transvaal Conference based Johannesburg.⁴⁴ The Natal-Transvaal Conference was run by Pastor John Raubenheimer.⁴⁵ South Africa was quite different from what he was used to in East Africa. The country was in the middle of an economic boom driven by industrial development that saw great investment in infrastructure. Rail and road transport was much easier, and the standard of living higher than in Kenya. Murdoch was given a church district in urban Johannesburg with five churches to pastor. In his district, there were only two churches that had their own buildings–the Johannesburg Central church and the Southern church. Three other organized churches–Orange Grove, Melville and Booysens–were operating from hired halls.⁴⁶ Murdoch began by conducting both pastoral and evangelistic work in the area operating from the Johannesburg Central church. Two churches were also added to him–the Krugersdorp church on the West Rand and the Edenvale church.⁴⁷ In January 1946, shortly after they moved to South Africa, their father John Lamont Cochrane died in England. They were not able to travel back to pay their last respects.

On February 28, 1946, Pastor Murdoch hosted a large group of Dorcas sisters⁴⁸ from his five churches in Johannesburg who met to discuss expanding their work.⁴⁹ Although the societies had accomplished much in recent years, they realized that there was more they could achieve if they united and formed a federation. And so, it was proposed that the Dorcas Federation brought in women from a number of churches with the motto “In unity — strength.”⁵⁰

The group voted Mrs. Vera L. Madgwick, wife of Dr. G. A. S. Madgwick, as president.⁵¹ The Murdochs had worked with them when they ran Kendu Mission Hospital at Gendia before Dr. Madgwick moved to South Africa to serve at Nokuphila Hospital in Johannesburg. It was in fact Dr. Madgwick who had delivered Megan at Kendu.

The Johannesburg Dorcas Federation was then formally organized. Murdoch continued with his evangelistic work, which culminated in more than 60 souls being won for Christ and baptized in his first full year of service.

Early in 1947, the Murdochs travelled to England with their daughter Megan on furlough. They spent much of that time visiting friends and relatives in England, Wales, and Scotland. They returned late to South Africa in 1947, just about the time school started for Megan. Part of the reason why they left Kenya for South Africa was to ensure Megan could go to school at Helderberg.

Early in 1948, Murdoch decided to embark on a series of evangelistic meetings similar to what he had carried out in Eldoret in a bid to enhance the gospel ministry. They put up advertising and held nightly meetings for the city. By this time, J. van de Merwe had taken over the Conference from Raubenheimer.

It was not very easy for Pastor Murdoch because of the language barrier since most of the Europeans in Johannesburg spoke Afrikaans, a language that he was yet to master despite being in the country for three years. Undeterred, he continued to hold meetings which were apparently well attended despite the fact that he only spoke in English cutting off a good portion of the attendees.⁵² In January 1949, he held an effort at the town hall at Maraisburg that was well attended.

Later that year, in October, Murdoch had the pain of laying to rest a dear friend from the Kenya days, Pastor George A. Lewis, who was the director of the North Bantu Mission in Jo’burg. Lewis moved to South Africa with his family in 1947. Lewis had briefly moved to the United States to attend the Theological Seminary in Washington before returning to South Africa in May 1948.⁵³ He became ill and died on October 8, 1949, at the age of 42, ending twenty years of missionary service in Africa, 18 of them in Kenya.⁵⁴

The Murdochs continued in ministry with their work culminating in over three hundred baptisms in the period between 1948 and 1951.⁵⁵ Tithes had risen consistently to a total of £50,675 and offerings at £19,966 for that period. (The total of £70,641 in 1951 is worth £2,780,775.65 or $3,655,385.21 in 2024 adjusted for inflation and purchase parity.)⁵⁶

During that same period, the Orange Grove, Melville, and Booysens churches constructed beautiful buildings of their own and, in fact, Orange Grove had even started a new school on its grounds.

There was also the church at Edenvale, which had suffered attrition, losing members, and by 1947, it was closed, and there was even talk of selling off the property. Murdoch would hear none of it, promptly organizing a series of evangelistic campaigns in the area through one of his assistants who was fluent in Afrikaans. Soon, the church was rekindled, and membership grew once more.⁵⁷ What Murdoch was essentially carrying out was city evangelism, which tends to be more challenging than evangelism in other areas. He seemed to excel in this. By 1951, there were 800 members in Johannesburg, which had doubled since he arrived in 1945.

The Murdoch Family in Ministry

The Murdoch family made significant contribution to the ministry of the Adventist Church across the world. In 1952 when Matthew Murdoch was in South Africa, there were four Murdoch siblings serving as ministers in four continents. Pastor Lamont Murdoch (5^th in the family) was based in Nottingham, England while Pastor Todd C. Murdoch (10^th in the family) was located in College Heights, Alberta, Canada. Pastor William G. C. Murdoch (6^th in the family) was the president of the Australasian Missionary College (now Avondale University) in Cooranbong, New South Wales, Australia.⁵⁸

At the time their family matriarch Margaret Murdoch’s death in 1933, her son, Pastor Lamont Murdoch, had just been appointed to take charge of the Adventist work in Scotland, while one of her daughters was in Cairo married to Pastor S. Bull, who was the Adventist missionary in Egypt. Her other son William Gordon Campbell Murdoch was principal of Newbold College in 1930 and held the position until 1946.⁵⁹ He later became principal of Avondale College from 1947 to 1952.⁶⁰ William Murdoch, who was also a published author, would later become dean of the Theological Seminary at Andrews University in the United States. Margaret Murdoch, passed away at Mobbswood, Shelton, near Coventry, England, on November 1, 1933.⁶¹ She was survived by her children and her husband who passed on in January 1946. By the time he died, all his children had served in ministry in one way or another.

Return to England

In June 1952, Matthew Murdoch requested the Southern African Division grant him a permanent return to the UK. In line with the recommendation of the Southern African Division Committee, the General Conference committee authorized his permanent return to England.⁶² He completed a tour of duty in the missions in Africa that lasted twenty years.

After returning to the UK, Murdoch took up evangelistic work in London, collaborating with Pastor George Vandeman in the Coliseum and Stoll theatres, and the New Gallery.⁶³ In 1954, he was appointed president of the Welsh Mission, based in Dryburgh Ave., Whitchurch, Cardiff.⁶⁴ He took over from Pastor J. M. Howard. Murdoch, who had led the Welsh Mission for six years. Under his leadership, membership reached its highest level through active evangelism.⁶⁵

Matthew’s next assignment was at Stanborough Park Church, where he served for four years. He also sat at the board of the Stanborough School.⁶⁶ During this time, he held meetings in St. Albans and successfully established a new church group there.⁶⁷ Following his work at Stanborough Park, he was called to the Watford Town Church and later to the Central London Church, where he served for ten years.⁶⁸ Initially stationed at the New Gallery, he later moved to Hampstead, where he played a key role in purchasing and renovating the church building, supported by enthusiastic church members.⁶⁹ Simultaneously, he ministered at Wood Green, where he oversaw the replacement of the church building.

Retirement Years

In 1975, Pastor Murdoch officially retired, but his service did not end there.⁷⁰ He returned with his wife, daughter, and son-in-law to North Wales to be near family. In 1981, he temporarily took charge of the North Wales District for six months. He purchased a chapel, St. Andrews, in the old village school at Ffynongroyw near Prestatyn, where he led mid-week prayer meetings and Sabbath afternoon programs during the 1990s.⁷¹

In his final years, ill health prevented him from active ministry, but he remained committed, supervising weeknight meetings at St. Andrews and in Rhyl. Matthew was known for his careful handling of difficult situations as a pastor and administrator. He continued preaching in Adventist churches and other denominations throughout his retirement years. His last sermon was delivered at Gwynfa Chapel in the village of Pen-y-Ffordd, where he lived.⁷²

Death and Legacy

Pastor Matthew Murdoch passed away on April 12, 2006.⁷³ His funeral took place at Gwynfa Chapel, attended by local Christian community members who generously offered their church for the service. His wife, Ethel May Murdoch, predeceased him in 1989.⁷⁴ Friends and fellow believers from North Wales, the Hampstead Church, and across Britain attended his funeral including church officials, pastors, and elders from the Welsh Mission. Pastor Richard L. Vine, the Family Ministries leader at the Welsh Mission, led the service. Murdoch’s son-in-law, Leslie Riskowitz, played an emotional tribute on the piano. He was laid to rest at the Rhyl Cemetery next to his wife, Ethel May.

Matthew Murdoch’s legacy was one of dedicated ministry, where he gave his best years to bringing men to Christ, allowing nothing to stand in his way in the evangelistic effort. He was a master of city evangelism, equally at home in the open air or in some roadless depth in old Africa. His efforts were marked by raw evangelism energy, creativity, and perseverance, whether he was preaching to large crowds in meeting halls or engaging individuals in personal conversations about faith. Despite advancing age, he never let anything stop him, caring only for one more soul to begin their walk with Christ. All these made him a respected and beloved figure in the history of the Adventist Church, not just in the United Kingdom, but also in Africa. The Chebwai Adventist School which he founded in 1937, has a dormitory named “Murdoch,” built by those who never forgot what he did for them.

Sources

Badenhorst, W. H. J. “Efforts on the West Rand.” Southern Africa Division Outlook, January 15, 1949.

Christian, L. H. “Our Missions in East Africa.” ARH, June 26, 1924.

Coetzee, P. H. “Johannesburg Dorcas Federation Organized.” Southern Africa Division Outlook, March 15, 1946.

FamilySearch.org. Accessed August 30, 2024.

Gillatt, J. J. “At Rest.” The Missionary Worker, November 17, 1933.

Hnatyshin, Eunice M. “Our East African ‘Safari.’” Southern African Division Outlook, December 15, 1943.

Marshall, D. N. (ed). “Riskowitz at the Piano.” British Advent Messenger, September 2, 1983.

Minutes of the East Africa Union Committee meeting (session 206) held in Nairobi February 8-16, 1937, archived at the East Kenya Union offices, Nairobi.

Minutes of the One Hundred Eighty-First Meeting General Conference Committee, June 19, 1952.

Murdoch, M. Cochrane. “Seven Years in the Golden City.” Southern Africa Division Outlook, March 1, 1952.

Murdoch, M. C. “Obituary.” Southern Africa Division Outlook, December 1, 1949.

Murdoch, Matthew C. “A Venture of Faith.” The Advent Survey, June 1, 1938.

MyHeritage.com. Accessed August 30, 2024.

Phillips, Dr. Bryan. “The Matthew Murdoch Story.” British Advent Messenger, July 23, 1999.

Vine, Richard L., and Brian P. Phillips. “Obituaries.” British Advent Messenger, June 23, 2006.

Sang, Godfrey K., and Hosea K. Kili. On the Wings of a Sparrow: How the Seventh-day Adventist Church came to Western Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Gapman, 2018.

Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia. Second revised edition. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1996. S.v. “Avondale College.” “Newbold College.”

Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook. Various years. https://www.adventistyearbook.org/.

Wood, Mirriam. “Leslie Riskowitz.” British Advent Messenger, May 27, 2022.

Notes

1. The surname “Murdoch” is of Scottish origin. It is derived from the Gaelic name “Murchadh,” which means “sea warrior” or “protector of the sea.” While it is primarily associated with Scotland, the name can also be found in Ireland and, to a lesser extent, in other regions, including Wales, due to historical migration and intermingling of populations. Its roots are distinctly Scottish. (Wikipedia and online sources)↩

2. https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJP7-V7M, accessed August 30, 2024.↩

3. Ibid.↩

4. Richard L. Vine and Brian P. Phillips, “Obituaries,” British Advent Messenger, June 23, 2006, 13.↩

5. J. J. Gillatt, “At Rest,” The Missionary Worker, November 17, 1933, 5.↩

6. Ibid.↩

7. Vine and Phillips, 13.↩

8. https://www.in2013dollars.com/uk/inflation/1929?amount=2.25, accessed September 3, 2024.↩

9. Ibid.↩

10. Ibid.↩

11. Mirriam Wood, “Leslie Riskowitz,” British Advent Messenger, May 27, 2022, 23.↩

12. D. N. Marshall (ed). “Riskowitz at the Piano.” British Advent Messenger, September 2, 1983, 2.↩

13. This was the first session to be held outside North America.↩

14. https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-1-621116881-4-500318/leslie-riskowitz-in-myheritage-family-trees.↩

15. Ibid.↩

16. Ibid.↩

17. Dr. Bryan Phillips, “The Matthew Murdoch Story,” British Advent Messenger, July 23, 1999, 7.↩

18. https://www.in2013dollars.com/uk/inflation/1934?amount=5, accessed September 3, 2024.↩

19. L. H. Christian, “Our Missions in East Africa,” ARH, June 26, 1924, 18.↩

20. Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook, 1933, 148.↩

21. Minutes of the East Africa Union Committee meeting (session 206) held in Nairobi February 8-16, 1937, archived at the East Kenya Union offices, Nairobi.↩

22. Godfrey K. Sang and Hosea K. Kili, On the Wings of a Sparrow: How the Seventh-day Adventist Church came to Western Kenya (Nairobi: Gapman, 2018), 31-35.↩

23. Ibid.↩

24. The church was established by Adventist settler farmer David Sparrow and his former cook-turned-evangelist Caleb Kipkessio as Ezekiel Kimenjo. The church was in the interior, and it was rather difficult to access. Chebwai was on the highway from Webuye (Broderick Falls) to Kakamega.↩

25. Sang and Kili, 212.↩

26. Ibid.↩

27. https://www.in2013dollars.com/uk/inflation/1937?amount=750, accessed September 2, 2024.↩

28. Vine and Phillips, 13.↩

29. Sang and Kili, 212.↩

30. https://www.in2013dollars.com/uk/inflation/1937?amount=750, accessed September 2, 2024.↩

31. Ibid.↩

32. Ibid.↩

33. Ibid.↩

34. Minutes of the East Africa Union Committee meeting (session 206) held in Nairobi February 8-16, 1937, Archived at the East Kenya Union offices, Nairobi.↩

35. Matthew C. Murdoch, “A Venture of Faith,” The Advent Survey, June 1, 1938, 6-7.↩

36. Ibid.↩

37. Ibid.↩

38. Ibid.↩

39. “Gendia Mission Station,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook, 1944, 158.↩

40. Ibid.↩

41. Ibid.↩

42. Eunice M. Hnatyshin, “Our East African ‘Safari,’” Southern African Division Outlook, December 15, 1943, 4.↩

43. Ibid.↩

44. “Natal-Transvaal Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook, 1946, 171.↩

45. Ibid.↩

46. M. Cochrane Murdoch, “Seven Years in the Golden City,” Southern Africa Division Outlook, March 1, 1952, 4.↩

47. Ibid.↩

48. Known today as “Women’s ministries.”↩

49. P. H. Coetzee, “Johannesburg Dorcas Federation Organized,” Southern Africa Division Outlook, March 15, 1946, 2.↩

50. Ibid.↩

51. Ibid.↩

52. W. H. J. Badenhorst, “Efforts on the West Rand,” Southern Africa Division Outlook, January 15, 1949, 3.↩

53. M. C. Murdoch, “Obituary,” Southern Africa Division Outlook, December 1, 1949, 8.↩

54. Ibid.↩

55. M. Cochrane Murdoch, “Seven Years in the Golden City,” op cit↩

56. https://www.in2013dollars.com/uk/inflation/1951?amount=70641, accessed September 2, 2024.↩

57. Ibid.↩

58. “Workers Directory,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook, 1950, 444.↩

59. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia (1996), s.v. “Newbold College.”↩

60. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia (1996), s.v. “Avondale College.”↩

61. Gillatt, 5.↩

62. Minutes of the One Hundred Eighty-First Meeting General Conference Committee, June 19, 1952, 828.↩

63. Vine and Phillips, 13.↩

64. “Welsh Mission,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook, 1955, 124.↩

65. Vine and Phillips, 13.↩

66. “South England Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook, 1962, 146, see also 285.↩

67. Vine and Phillips, 13.↩

68. Ibid.↩

69. Ibid.↩

70. Ibid.↩

71. Ibid.↩

72. Ibid.↩

73. https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJP7-V7M.↩

74. https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LJP7-J1S.↩