Huenergardt, John Frederick (1875–1955)

John F. Huenergardt, administrator, pastor, evangelist, teacher, writer, translator, worked tirelessly for the church on two continents and in several different countries.

Early Years

J. F. Huenergardt was born in Wiesenmüller (presently Lugowje) near the Volga on December 25, 1875. He was born into a Russian family with a Lutheran background, but in 1876, when he was just nine months old, his parents moved to the United States with him.¹ First, they settled in Rush County, Kansas,² but later moved to Hillsboro, Marion County, in 1884.³ As a result of the missionary work of L. R. Conradi and S. S. Schrock, his parents joined the Adventist Church. Huenergardt himself was baptized on April 1, 1892.⁴

The young Huenergardt was a student in the German Bible school in Hillsboro and was elected Sabbath School secretary at the age of 14.⁵ Between 1894 and 1897 he attended the German course at Union College (Lincoln, Nebraska).⁶

Huenergardt’s Pastoral Service in Germany

After finishing his studies, Huenergardt went to Germany in June 1897⁷ and worked as a traveling pastor in several cities (Hamburg, Bremen, Kiel, then Hamburg again) until the summer of 1898.⁸

Huenergardt’s Pioneering Pastoral Service in Hungary

Huenergardt was sent to Transylvania, Hungary, in July 1898, during the Annual Council of the German Conference.⁹ At that time, in the Kingdom of Hungary, there was only one organized local church with 25 church members, 70-80 percent of them being Germans living in Transylvania. Huenergardt chose Kolozsvár, the most significant city in Transylvania, as the center of his mission, but he preached and held evangelistic meetings in other places in Transylvania and the Partium. As soon as conditions allowed, he passed on the pioneering work to church members and colporteurs, while handing the pastoral supervision and mission of the established churches over to his trusted colleagues. On his mission trips, Huenergardt visited places where he experienced interest. He focused his activity on Kolozsvár to establish a viable Adventist headquarters. Soon after his arrival he started to learn the Hungarian language, and eighteen months later he was able to preach without an interpreter; this contributed to the success of his mission activity in Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary was a multiethnic country, so in order to be successful in his mission, Huenergardt had been studying Romanian and different Slavic languages.¹⁰

In many respects, July 1900 was a memorable month for Huenergardt. He was ordained as a pastor in Germany, during the Annual Council of the German Conference. And he married Elisa Maria Buhmann (a Dane) on July 19, 1900. They were to have five children: Johannes (1901–1916), Charles (1902–1973), Otto Christian (1905–1978), Alfred, and Ellen (later Ellen Dunlap).¹¹

As an ordained pastor, Huenergardt was able to promote evangelistic activities in nearby countries (Romania, Bulgaria), and he also attended to his ordained pastoral responsibilities.

As a result of Huenergardt’s church organizing work, there were already 110 church members in Hungary by 1901, and membership started to become more multiethnic (Hungarians: 45 percent, Germans: 40 percent, Romanians, 15 percent).¹²

Leader of the Hungarian Mission

The 1890s, and the first decades of the 1900s, were the decades of the formation and consolidation of the European organizational life of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which significantly influenced Huenergardt's activities.

Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Mission Field

Huenergardt began his church leadership in mid-July, 1901, as the head of Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Mission Field, which fell under the supervision of the German Union.¹³ There were 197 Adventists living in the mission field at that time, most of them (110) in Transylvania and the Partium. His mission headquarters remained in Kolozsvár, and he continued to visit places interested in his activities, and his mission trips included Romania and Bulgaria.¹⁴

Hungarian Mission Field

Due to the extent of the area, Austria-Hungary and the Balkan Mission Field was divided into three parts by the German Union. The Hungarian Mission Field was placed under the leadership of Huenergardt.¹⁵ Thus, the size of the area under his supervision was reduced. Apart from his trips in other parts of the Kingdom of Hungary, he worked mainly in and around Kolozsvár. The integration of smaller and larger Sabbath-keeping groups in the country, mainly of Nazarene origin, can be attributed to this period. These groups were part of the people who later became the first Slovak and Serbian Adventist Church.¹⁶

A major turning point in the Adventist mission in Hungary was the transfer of Huenergardt's headquarters to Budapest in 1903. It was easier to form a countrywide movement from the economic, political, and cultural center of the country than from Kolozsvár. In Kolozsvár, however, Huenergardt left behind a stable local church that became the center of Transylvanian Adventism.

In the following years, he focused his evangelistic activities in Budapest. In addition to his pastoral activities, he visited other places looking for interest in the church. When he found an interest, he sent more and more workers to the areas to learn the language and build up churches.

The most important event of the Hungarian mission during this period was the publication of the first regular Adventist quarterly newspaper in the Hungarian language, the first issue of Az Arató (The Harvester) in the autumn of 1904.¹⁷ In 1908 the paper was replaced by two others, Evangéliumi Munkás (Gospel Worker) and Az Utolsó Üzenet (The Last Message), an evangelistic publication.¹⁸ This marked the beginning of Huenergardt's literary activity, which, in addition to editing, involved writing articles and translating foreign language articles into Hungarian. Church literature in English and German was translated into Romanian and Serbian by Huenergardt’s colleagues.¹⁹ Huenergardt’s articles were published in Hungarian in Evangéliumi Munkás, Az Arató, and Az Utolsó Üzenet, as well as in German in the Herold der Wahrheit and Zions-Wächter church papers.

Hungarian Conference

Seeing the dynamic development of the Adventist mission in Hungary, the leadership of the German Union transformed the Hungarian Mission Field of approximately four hundred members into a conference headed by J. F. Huenergardt in 1904.²⁰ During the bipartition of the German Union, the Hungarian territories came under the control of the East German Union in 1909, and Huenergardt also served as vice-president of the union for a year.²¹

Hungarian Mission Field

Due to a rapid expansion of membership, the Hungarian Conference, numbering 717 members, was divided in 1909. The Transylvanian Conference was organized, and the Hungarian Mission Field was again constituted with 298 members and led by Huenergardt. As a result of the change, Huenergardt's status became lower in the church organization, but with the decrease of the administrative burden, Huenergardt had more time for evangelistic work.²²

President of the Danube Union

In Hungary further changes in the church organization took place in 1911, during which time three organizational units were established in the area not closely belonging to Transylvania. Huenergardt was asked to lead the Central Hungarian Conference.²³ A year later, in 1912, the Danube Union consisting of Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Croatia was established with headquarters in Budapest and under the leadership of Huenergardt.²⁴ There were 1,678 church members living in the territory of the union at that time, three-quarters of whom lived in Hungary (1,281 people). In addition to leading the union, Huenergardt also worked as the head of the Central Hungarian Association and, for a year, as the leader of the Romanian Mission Area.²⁵

Huenergardt’s Church Leadership Activities in Hungary

While the Hungarian territories were under the control of German Adventist departments, Huenergardt was an ex-officio member of the union. During this time he was publishing and holding school committees due to his position as a mission field and association leader. Thanks to Huenergardt’s influence, Hungary had become a center of Adventism in the region. There was even a year when Hungary received twice its tithing revenues as a union grant to cover its mission expenses.²⁶ From the summer of 1904 he served as an invited member and from the winter of 1909 as a full member of the committee governing the Hamburg publishing house of the denomination.²⁷ In addition to the above, Huenergardt was a guest of honor at the annual general meetings or committee meetings of other unions, associations, and mission fields in the region.²⁸

Because of the public legal position of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, creating the conditions for the church to operate freely was an important role in Huenergardt’s activities as a church leader. Due to the restrictive behavior of local authorities, he assisted several pastors and Bible workers in making complaints or appeals.²⁹ He submitted requests to hold local gatherings.³⁰ As a church leader, he initiated the settlement of the legal status of the denomination on several occasions (1907, 1910).³¹

Huenergardt’s important leadership responsibilities included tasks around annual conferences, such as designating the venue and securing regulatory approvals. These events played an important role in keeping the scattered membership of the congregations together throughout the country, as well as in the training of the workers and leaders of the congregations.³² Selecting the venue, and the various officials and staff, Huenergardt sought to ensure that, over time, the church, which was becoming increasingly multiethnic, represented all ethnicities. At the conference events, German and Hungarian sermons were interpreted for participants of different nationalities³³ while Sabbath-School studies were available to everyone in their native language group.³⁴ Those arriving in folk costumes were also shown acceptance.

However, the formation of the local church leadership was hampered by the fact that, at this time, apart from a few individuals, the ordained pastors and leaders of the emerging mission branches were Germans from abroad. Furthermore, the contemporary German-dominated church leadership had previously ordained more qualified individuals as pastors to the detriment of local missionary workers from a simple social background. Although the Hungarian departments were headed by foreign missionaries, locals were considered during the distribution of other positions. Conference meetings lasted three to five days, connected by an evening evangelistic program. In the first years, a room and later a tent was reserved to accommodate the guests.³⁵ In Hungary the more thorough preparation for the public presentations of the annual gatherings began in 1911 after the purchase of a large tent. The tent was set up a month or two before the event, and a series of lectures was held.

During the years of World War I, there was a shortage of pastors in the union due to conscription. Huenergardt had to devote even more time to administration and literary work as, because of personnel shortage, the membership's need for spiritual nourishment could only be met through literature.³⁶ Huenergardt wrote several outlines for Sabbath sermons that could be used by local members.

During his work as a church leader, Huenergardt had to take up the fight with breakaway activities several times. There was a small schism among the Serbs around 1910.³⁷ Around 1913 to1914, the movement of János Muntán caused minor problems.³⁸ The isolation of the Watchman movement that appeared in Hungary at the beginning of 1917 required even more effort from Huenergardt. His peaceful influence may have contributed to the decision at the 1918 workers' conference that in dealing with the breakaway movement the church would not use violence or prosecution. Instead, prayer and repentance were suggested to the membership, even if they organized their own church.³⁹ This policy may have contributed to the fact that the Watchman movement resulted in a relatively small loss of membership in Hungary.

During his church leadership, over two decades, the number of Adventists in Hungary increased from 114 members (five congregations) to 2,077 by the end of 1917 (87 congregations and groups). The position of the church was consolidated in Transylvania, Central and Southern Hungary, and it gained ground in Northern Hungary. However, only 82 Adventists lived in Western Hungary. Union membership had nearly doubled in five years (from 1,638 to almost 3,000). Thus, when Huenergardt left the Danube basin, he left a solid foundation for his successors.

Missionary of Central European Nations in North America

Huenergardt requested a return to the United States in 1915, partly because of his difficult financial situation and because of the danger of losing his US citizenship.⁴⁰ Due to the events of World War I and the church, as well as the official (American) administration management, Huenergardt finally left Hungary with his family on January 23, 1919.⁴¹ After his return to America, he lived in Hillsboro for a time.⁴² During his stay in Kansas, he attended gatherings and gave lectures.⁴³ He was also actively involved in the relief operation launched for the needy in Central Europe.⁴⁴

In the first months of his stay in the United States, he also completed a diplomatic mission for Hungary. He handed over letters from several Protestant pastors to Charles Smull Longacre, secretary of the Religious Freedom Department of the General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, asking the denomination to use its influence to help the Hungarian Protestant delegates at the Paris Peace Conference to be heard.⁴⁵ Huenergardt personally spoke to Secretary of State F. L. Polk about his experiences in Hungary.⁴⁶ He also gave a speech in Washington at the General Assembly of March 29, 1920, protesting against the draft Treaty of Trianon in front of 4,000 to5,000 people.⁴⁷

A few months after his return to the United States, Huenergardt resumed his church activities. He worked among Hungarians in New York from the autumn of 1919. Besides New York, he held meetings in Bridgeport and South Norwack (Connecticut).⁴⁸ He worked in the Greater New York Conference until August 1921, then he joined the Department of Home Mission of the General Conference as a pastor and at the same time served at Broadview College as a teacher.⁴⁹ In addition to teaching Hungarian at the college, Huenergardt undertook evangelistic work among Hungarians in Chicago.⁵⁰ As a result of his activities, a Hungarian congregation was founded in the city in 1924.⁵¹ On September 1, 1926, Moczár took over Huenergardt’s work as a teacher so he could devote himself fully to foreign-language missionary work among the Hungarians, Romanians, South Slavs, and Slovaks in the eastern United States.⁵²

President of the Yugoslav Union

In 1929 Huenergardt was invited by the General Conference to lead the Yugoslav Union.⁵³ At that time the leaders of Yugoslav Adventism in the South Slavic-majority country were Germans; so, Huenergardt, as president of the union, worked to establish a local leadership. The most important decision of his union presidency was the opening of the Yugoslav Mission School on November 5, 1931. In Belgrade the second floor of the building rented for the seminary became home to the union office. He was also elected head of the school.⁵⁴ During the few years of his presidency, he worked not only in administration but was active in evangelism.⁵⁵ However, he was not to stay in Yugoslavia for long because his health deteriorated severely. He resigned from the presidency and returned to the United States in the spring of 1933.⁵⁶ During his leadership, membership continued to grow in Yugoslavia, reaching 2,232 members in 99 congregations in the first half of 1933, an annual increase of 10 percent.⁵⁷

Back to the United States

Huenergardt and his wife left Yugoslavia in April 1933. They planned to settle near their children in Los Angeles. Huenergardt was unable to work for months because of his poor health. Finally, in March 1934, the General Conference placed him in the Northern California Conference and paid his salary for six months. He worked as a pastor in a German-speaking congregation in Lod (near Los Angeles). Despite his being limited by his illness, the membership increased from 255 to 315 (23.5 percent) in the two years of his pastoral work.⁵⁸

Huenergardt’s health continued to deteriorate. He was examined at St Helena Hospital in May 1936 and was advised to avoid the taxing pastoral responsibility; so, he was granted a pension.

Huenergardt worked as a translator at Takoma Park at the request of the General Conference,⁵⁹ visiting foreign-speaking local congregations in New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and other states. In addition to editing German newspapers, he was entrusted with the care and development of American German Adventist literature in the German department of the Pacific Press Publishing House from April 1, 1937; so, he moved to the Chicago area. However, due to his illness, he was only able to work three to four hours a day, and in late 1937 he and his wife moved back permanently to California.⁶⁰ Despite his worsening illness in the last decades of his life, he picked up a pen to share his biblical thoughts with readers, in addition to writing his recollections. Most of his articles appeared in the American German Adventist newspaper Botschafter.

Not even his state of health prevented Huenergardt and his wife from taking the lead in collecting aid for Europeans at the end of World War II.⁶¹ His health deteriorated rapidly in the last years of his life. After several surgeries, he had a heart attack on October 10, 1954, and had to be admitted to a hospital. He was able to return home after four days. Later, he fell in his home and needed orthopedic treatment and had to stay in bed for four months. Huenergardt was very ill when he passed away on November 11, 1955. His funeral was four days later, on November 15. His wife continued to live with their daughter Ellen and died almost 20 years later, on January 31, 1974.⁶²

Legacy

Huenergardt’s personality and lifestyle contributed to the strengthening of Adventism. He considered soul-saving his most important task. All material and personal assets were subordinated to that end. For as long as his health allowed, he worked day and night. Despite their poverty, the Huenergardts were hospitable. Huenergardt accepted even the simplest church member ahead of the outside world. Despite his leadership position, he remained humble. He attributed an important role to personal work. He visited families and organized joint walks on Sabbath (Saturday) afternoons. He was completely integrated into the lives of the families he visited.⁶³ Huenergardt used his long journeys to testify.⁶⁴ In his topics of conversation, he always drew attention to the coming of Jesus and the prophecies concerning him, coloring his message with testimonies. He earned the love of people by having a few friendly words with everyone.⁶⁵ He silently endured abuse and mockery.⁶⁶

Huenergardt recognized that an important criterion for a successful mission was to be Hungarian for the Hungarians, Romanian to the Romanians, Slovak to the Slovakians, and Serb to the Serbians. He did not want to “Germanize” the nationalities but sought to enable everyone to practice their faith in their mother tongue. Huenergardt wanted to involve representatives of all nationalities in pastoral work and in the leadership of the church. As a result, a denomination of 2,000 members was formed from almost nothing during his two decades of activity in Central Europe, which essentially avoided the extreme nationalism that characterized the age. Huenergardt’s empathetic behavior contributed to the fact that the church experienced growth almost anywhere he worked.

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Zeiner, Alajos. “A magyar egyesület tizedik általános közgyűlése.” Evangéliumi Munkás, 2, 1911.

Zeiner, Alajos. “A magyar misszióterületnek tizenegyedik évi közgyűlése.” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1, 1912.

Zeiner, A. “Konferenciai tapasztalatok.” Evangéliumi Munkás, 3, 1918.

Notes

1. A. Zeiner, “Lebensatz Bruder Huenergardts,” Der Adventbote, February 15, 1956, 61.↩

2. Lizzie Bardel, “Der Geist der ersten Zeugen,” Botschafter, 1944, 7, 55.↩

3. H. O. Olson, “George H Huenergardt obituary,” ARH, December 6, 1923; 22; Daniel B. Eppler: John F. Huenergardt. A Historical Sketch of The Man and His Work. (1974, manuscript).↩

4. Daniel Heinz: Ludwig Richard Conradi, 42; List of Members of the Local Churches of the Adventist Church in Hungary (Collection of Szigeti Jenő – Sz. J.).↩

5. A. Zeiner, “Lebensatz Bruder Huenergardts,” Der Adventbote, February 15, 1956, 61.↩

6. H. O. Olson, “George H Huenergardt obituary,” ARH, December 6, 1923, 22.↩

7. H. F. Schuberth, “Bericht der jährlichen Versammlung des deutschen Missionsfeldes,” Zions-Wächter, August 1897, 57–58.↩

8. “Vermichtes,” Zions-Wächter, August 1897, 64; L. R. Conradi, “Fortschritt des Werkes,” Zions-Wächter, October 1897, 74; “Vermichtes,” Zions-Wächter, November 1897, 88; “Vermichtes,” Zions-Wächter, January 1898, 8; L. R. Conradi, “Fortschritt des Werkes,” Zions-Wächter, April 1898, 25, L. R. Conradi, “Fortschritt des Werkes,” Zions-Wächter, June 1898, 41; L. R. Conradi, “Fortschritt des Werkes,” Zions-Wächter, July 1898, 50.↩

9. H. F. Schuberth, “Die achte jährliche Versammlung des deutschen Missionsfeldes,” Zions-Wächter, August 1898, 61.↩

10. J. F. Huenergardt, “Misszió tapasztalatok Magyarországban a háború előtt és alatt,” Idők Jelei, 1919, 19; J. F. Huenergardt letter to Károly Sohlmann, September 25, 1938 (Sz. J.); J. F. Huenergardt and W. Tentesch, “Aus Ungarn,” Zions-Wächter, October 1898, 94–95; “Az Adventmozgalom kezdete hazánkban,” Idők Jelei, 1948, 2, 4–5; Szigeti Jenő, Fejezetek, 80, 82.↩

11. Replica of Elisa Maria Huenergardt’s death certificate (Archiv für Internationale Adventgeschicte in Friedensau): ‘Ninety years old. She was a nurse in Hungary in World War I’ article. (The title and the author of the article were not indicated on the copy.)↩

12. “Vierteljahrsbericht der deutschen Gemeinden vom 1. Juli bis 30. September 1901,” Zions-Wächter, October 1901, 126.↩

13. H. F. Schuberth, “Vierte jährliche Sitzung der Deutschen Vereinigung der Siebenten-Tags-Adventisten. Elfte Versammlung des deutschen Feldes,” Zions-Wächter, August 1901, 85–88.↩

14. “Ferd. Adomeit: Rumänien, Sarighiol,” Zions-Wächter, January 1902, 19–20; J. F. Huenergardt, “Aus Ungarn und dem Balkan,” Zions-Wächter, April 7, 1902, 60–61.↩

15. O. Lüpke, “Unsere Unionkonferenz,” Zions-Wächter, August 18, 1902, 148–149.↩

16. J. F. Huenergardt: “Aus Ungarn,” Zions-Wächter, July 4, 1904, 135; J. F. Huenergardt, “Wie das Werk in Ungarn seinen Anfang nahm,” Zions-Wächter, October 21, 1918, 185–186; J. F. Huenergardt: “Beginning of the Work in Hungary and the Balkan States,” ARH, June 5, 1922, 10; J. F. Huenergardt, “The Message in Hungary,” ARH, September 8, 1904, 14; J. F. Huenergardt, “Aus Ungarn,” Zions-Wächter, July 3, 1905, 164–165.↩

17. “Für Ungarn,” Zions-Wächter, October 17, 1904, 207.↩

18. J. F. Huenergardt, “Evangéliumi Munkás,” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1908, 1.↩

19. H. Meyer-Bärtschy, “Das Adventmissionswerk in Ungarn und Rumänien,” Advent Echo, September 1937, 71.↩

20. W. Ising, “Siebente Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Union,” Zions-Wächter, August 19, 1907, 265–270.↩

21. R. Rall, “Neunte Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Union I–II,” Zions-Wächter, August 16, 1909, 274–278; Zions-Wächter, September 6, 1909, 291; Guy Dail, “Ninth Session of the German Union,” ARH, September 2, 1909, 12–13.↩

22. Schuberth H. F., “A magyar misszióterület,” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1911, 1; Zeiner Alajos, “A magyar egyesület tizedik általános közgyűlése,” 1–3; “Vierteljahrsbericht der Ostdeutschen Union vom 1. Juli bis 30. September 1910,” Zions-Wächter, November 7, 1910, 367; Adolf Wegner, “Erste Jahreskonferenz der Transylvanischen Vereinigung,” 356–357.↩

23. H. F. Schuberth, “Die Herbstkonferenzen der Ostdeutschen Union,” Zions-Wächter, December 18, 1911, 489–490; Adolf Wegner, “Az Erdélyi Egyesületnek második közgyűlése,” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1912, 1–2; Alajos Zeiner, “A magyar misszióterületnek tizenegyedik évi közgyűlése,” 3–5.↩

24. General Conference Committee Minutes, April 28, 1912, https://documents.adventistarchives.org/Minutes/GCC/GCC1912.pdf.↩

25. Bulgaria was transferred to the Levante Union in 1913 (“Berichte der Ostdeutschen Union vom 1. Oktober bis 31. Dezember 1912,” Zions-Wächter, February 3, 1913, 55–59).↩

26. L. Trautmann, “Wintersitzung des Ostdeutschen Unionausschusses,” Zions-Wächter, April 3, 1911, 145–147.↩

27. “Sitzungs – Protokollbuch Hamburger Vereins der Siebenten Tags – Adventisten,” 15–43 (Archiv für Internationale Adventgeschicte in Friedensau).↩

28. N. J. Britschewsky, “Balkan Missonsfeld,” Zions-Wächter, December 21, 1903, 220–221; “Sitzungen des Mitteleuropäischen Unionausschusses in Friedensau vom 9. bis 14. Juli 1916,” Zions-Wächter, August 21, 1916, 225–226; J. F. Huenergardt, “Aus Ungarn,” Zions-Wächter, January 4, 1904, 2–3; H. R. Löbsack, “Vom Wolgastrom,” Zions-Wächter, February 1, 1904, 29–30; Fr. Hinter, “Dritte Sitzung der Südrussischen Vereinigung,” Zions-Wächter, December 21, 1903, 219–220.↩

29. F. Adomeit, “Hermannstadt,” Zions-Wächter, May 16, 1904, 107–108; F. Adomeit, “Hermannstadt – Breslau,” Zions-Wächter, June 5, 1905, 137.↩

30. “The determination of the high sheriff of Békés regarding the request of János Huenergardt. Békés,” March 25, 1912. 1548/1912. document (Sz. J.); “The determination of the high sheriff of the Békés District regarding the request of János Huenergardt. Békés,” February 20, 1912. 6431/1911 document (Sz. J.).↩

31. Szigeti Jenő: Fejezetek a H. N. Adventista Egyház magyarországi történetéből. Budapest, 1981, H.N. Adventista Egyház, 141.↩

32. J. F. Huenergardt, “A hatodik évi közgyűlésünk magyar hazánkban,” Az Arató, 1906, 9, 125–126.↩

33. L. R. Conradi, “Reise-Erfahrungen,” Zions-Wächter, February 3, 1908, 41.↩

34. Peter Todor, “Das Werk unter den Serben in Ungarn,” Zions-Wächter, October 18, 1909, 335; L. R. Conradi, “Reise–Erfahrungen,” Zions-Wächter, January 16, 1905, 9; L. R. Conradi, “Reiseerfahrungen”. Zions-Wächter, February5, 1906, 25–26; Hörcher Gyula,” Az 5. közgyűlésünk Magyarországon,” Az Arató, 1906. 2. 53–55; “Allgemeines,” Zions-Wächter, December 17, 1906, 415; “Allgemeines,” Zions-Wächter, November 7, 1910, 353; M. Ludwig, “Erste Konferenz des Theiss-Save Missionsfeldes,” Zions-Wächter, August 19, 1912, 322–324; Zeiner Alfonz, “Az erdélyi egyesület harmadik konferenciája,” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1913. 2. 9–11; M. Ludewig, “Zweite Konferenz des Theiss-Save-Missionsfeldes,” Zions-Wächter, January 5, 1914, 3–4; “Erste Konferenz des Nordungarischen Missionsfeldes,” Zions-Wächter, December 15, 1913, 598.↩

35. L. R. Conradi, “Reiseerfahrungen,” Zions-Wächter, February 5, 1906, 25–26; L. R. Conradi, “Reise-Erfahrungen,” Zions-Wächter, February 3, 1908, 41-42; Zeiner Alajos, “A magyar misszióterületnek tizenegyedik évi közgyűlése,” Evangéliumi Munkás,1912, 1, 3–5.↩

36. Missióprogramok. Evangéliumi Munkás, 1916, 3, 1–6.↩

37. Todor Péter, “Az Úrnak munkája a szerbek között,” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1910, 1, 2–3.↩

38. Figyelmeztetés, Evangéliumi Munkás, 1914, 1, 7.↩

39. Zeiner A, “Konferenciai tapasztalatok,” Evangéliumi Munkás,1918, 3, 30–32.↩

40. E. Huenergardt’s letter to I. H. Evans, Budapest, May 24, 1915, (Replica – Sz. J.); J. F. Huenergardt’s letter to the General Conference, Budapest, August 8, 1915 (Replica – Sz. J.).↩

41. J. F. Huenergardt’s letter for Guy Dail, Budapest, August 14, 1917 (Replica – Sz. J.); Letter for Gail Dail. August 30, 1917 (Replica– Sz. J.); Letter for Gay Dail, March 13, 1918 (Replica – Sz. J.); Evangéliumi Munkás, 1919, 2, 32.↩

42. Letter for J. F. Huenergardt June 8, 1919, General Conference Archives (G. C. A.) RG 21, Box 30, Secretariat, General Files, 1919 – Huenergardt, J. F.↩

43. J. F. Huenergardt’s letter to J. L. Shaw, Hillsboro, April 15, 1919 (G. C. A. RG 21 Box 30, Secretariat, General Files, 1919 – Huenergardt, J. F.).↩

44. J. F. Huenergardt, “Vom Werk unter den Ungarn in New York und der Not in deren Heimatland,” Deutscher Arbeiter, January 23, 1920, 28–29.↩

45. Szigeti Jenő, “Szabadegyházi lelkipásztorok – diplomáciai küldetésben,” És emlékezzél meg az útról … Tanulmányok a magyarországi szabadegyházak történetéből, Budapest, 1981, Szabadegyházak Tanácsa. 148–150↩

46. Szigeti Jenő, 148–149.↩

47. Vasvári Ödön, Magyar Amerika, Szeged, 1988, Somogyi Könyvtár, 220–221.↩

48. J. F. Huenergardt, “Das Werk unter den Ungarn in Gross-New York” Zions-Wächter, April 21, 1920, 82–83.↩

49. E. C. Rowell, “Broadview College and Theological Seminary,” ARH, October 12, 1922, 19–20.↩

50. G. W. Schuberth, “Reiseerfahrungen,” Der Adventbote, January 25, 1924, 27–28.↩

51. G. W. Schuberth, “Reiseerfahrungen,” Der Adventbote, April 1, 1924, 100–102.↩

52. A. Minck, “Magyarok között – Észak-Amerikában,” Evangéliumi Munkás,1926, 4, 55.↩

53. J. F. Huenergardt, “Akkor – és most!,” Evangéliumi Munkás, 1930, 4, 40–41.↩

54. L. L. Caviness, “Unsere neue Schule in Jugoslawien,” Advent Echo, January 1932, 5–6.↩

55. J. F. Huenergardt, “Jugoslavian Union Conference,” ARH, June 18, 1931, 12–13.↩

56. J. F. Huenergardt, “Worte des Abschieds,” Advent-Echo, June 1933, 43–45.↩

57. “Statistischer Bericht der Südeuropäischen Division der S. T. A. am Ende des II. Viertels 1933,” Advent Echo, November 1933, 87.↩

58. J. F Huenergardt, “Üdvözlet Amerikából,” Adventhírnök, 1933. 4, 30; “Huenergardt atyafi leveléből,” Adventhírnök, 1935, 4, 52–53; W. Mueller, “Reisebericht,” Der Adventbote, January 15, 1935, 26; Memorandum from the General Conference Secretary, January 31, 1934; G. C.’s letter to J. E. Fulton, February 19, 1934 (G. C. A. RG: 21 (Appointees), Secretariat, Huenergardt, J. F.); J. F. Huenergardt, “Rückblick und Ausblick,” Botschafter, 1937, 21, 160–161.↩

59. W. E. Nelson’s letter H. H. Cobban, September 29, 1936 (G. C. A. RG: 33, Sustentation of J. F. Huenergardt).↩

60. J. F. Huenergardt, “Rückblick und Ausblick” Botschafter,” 1937. 21. 161; H. G. Childs’s (General Conference Assistant Treasurer) letter to J. F. Huenergard, December 16, 1937; J. F. Huenergardt’s letter to the Relief Foundation of the General Conference, December 19, 1955 (G. C. A. RG: 33, Sustentation of Huenergardt, J. F.).↩

61. J. F. Huenergardt, “An Appeal for the Starving Millions,” ARH, December 26, 1946, 12–13.↩

62. J. F. Huenergardt’s letter to the Relief Foundation of the General Conference, March 4, 1955; J. F. Huenergardt’s letter to the Relief Foundation of the General Conference, October 26, 1954; J. F. Huenergardt’s letter to the Relief Foundation of the General Conference, February 18, 1955; Emily Fisher’s letter to the Relief Foundation of the General Conference, November 18, 1955; J. C. Kozel’s letter to Ellen Dunlap, February 21, 1974 (G. C. A. RG: 33, Sustentation of Huenergardt, J. F.).↩

63. Reminiscence of Gyarmati Béláné (Sz. J.).↩

64. Reminiscence of Kraszkó András (Sz. J.).↩

65. Reminiscence of Lázár Sándorné (Sz. J.).↩

66. Reminiscence of Eszterházi Gizella. (Eszterházi Gizella: Összefércelt Emlékeim – Sz. J.).↩