Westphal, Joseph W. (1861–1949)

Joseph W. Westphal was a pastor, editor, and church administrator (including secretary of the South American Division from 1920 to 1929).

Early years 

Joseph W. Westphal was born February 12, 1861, in New London, Wisconsin, United States.¹ He was the son of Gustave F. Westphal (1834-1912)² and Henrietta Maas Westphal (1837-1892),³ and he had ten siblings. His brother, Pastor Frank H. Westphal, also provided support to the church as a missionary in South America.⁴ From Rhine River, Germany, Gustave emigrated to the United States with his parents when he was 13, and they settled in New York. When he was about 20, in 1854, he moved to New London where he met and married Henrietta. It was there that the Adventist message reached the family through a tent evangelistic meeting held by Pastor Henry W. Decker in 1878. As a result of the meetings, the New London Seventh-day Adventist Church was founded the following year (1879), and the Westphals were charter members.⁵ Pastor Andrew D. Olsen baptized Joseph in 1879 in Poy Sippi, Wisconsin.⁶

Ministry 

Joseph started denominational service in 1883.⁷ He received a ministerial license in 1887⁸ and was ordained to the ministry on June 22, 1891, in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, by Pastors S. N. Haskell, R. C. Porter, and M. H. Brown.⁹ As a German descendant and native German speaker,¹⁰ his job in the early years of his ministry was to evangelize the German immigrant population in the United States. At the end of the 1880s and the beginning of the 1890s, he worked in Wisconsin.¹¹ Beginning in 1895 he held evangelistic efforts in the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri.¹² From 1898-1901, he was president of the Kansas Conference.¹³ He contributed to establishing the church in Oberlin, Kansas, which was dedicated on December 29, 1899, as a result of public evangelistic meetings held with L. Johnson and S. Mostenson in Herndon, a nearby city.¹⁴ He was also involved in evangelizing the first group to become Adventists in the city of Gillett, Wisconsin.¹⁵

In 1885 Joseph married Allie Robinson and from this union were born two daughters and one son.¹⁶ Born in 1864, Allie died prematurely at the age of 31, due to Typhoid fever.¹⁷ In 1898 he married Jennie Peckover (1872-1955), who had been Bible instructor in the Kansas Conference. Joseph and Allie Robinson had four children: Olive, Henry, Herbert, and Chester.¹⁸

In 1901 he was appointed by the General Conference as president of the South American Union Mission.¹⁹ He embarked with his family on the ship Teutonic on August 28, 1901.²⁰ They docked in Argentina in September²¹ and settled in a rural area of Entre Ríos, near Colegio Adventista del Plata (now River Plate Adventist University).²² He took over leadership of the campus on arrival.²³

When the Westphals arrived in South America, Adventism was newly established on the continent. There were only a few believers spread throughout the territory. Joseph was one of the main people responsible for systematizing the administrative structure of the Adventist Church in South America.²⁴ On the way to Argentina, he visited Brazil to attend a meeting with Adventists in Rio de Janeiro, where it was decided to set up a conference in that territory.²⁵ In May 1902 it was decided to set up the Brazil Conference and appoint H. F. Graf as president.²⁶

In November 1901 Joseph organized the River Plate Conference, which included the territories of Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, and Pastor N. Z. Town was the first president.²⁷ Joseph was president of the River Plate Conference, as well as the South American field, from 1904 through 1905.²⁸

As leader of the South American Union Mission, his work consisted of supervising and managing the Adventist work over the entire continent. His work required him to travel frequently, many times sacrificing time for family interaction. He traveled on the back of horses or mules. On some occasions he had to sleep outside in open fields or forests, and food was often scarce.²⁹ In 1903 he traveled thousands of kilometers and held seven general meetings in five months.

In 1904 he went on a four-month itinerary in which he traveled 2,200 kilometers on the back of mules and slept many times in makeshift shelters. Especially in Brazil he faced religious opposition as the claim was made in the news that he was a spy who came from the United States or Germany.³⁰ At the beginning of 1906, W. A. Spicer, from the General Conference, visited Argentina to discuss the reorganization of South-American institutions in one union conference. At a meeting with 150 Adventist representatives from the continent, held in the city of Paraná, capital of Entre Rios, it was decided to combine the River Plate Conference, Brazilian Conference, and North Coast Mission into a single organization—the South American Union Conference, and Joseph was elected president.³¹

Because of limited resources and the challenge of establishing Adventist institutions across the continent in the same year as the new Union, the following policy was voted: “It is planned that each conference seeks to sustain itself, so that the means, which we receive from outside, can be employed in new fields.”³² In 1906 Joseph coordinated the division of the Brazilian Conference into two small conferences: Rio Grande do Sul Conference, with head office in Taquari, and Paraná-Santa Catarina Conference, with head office in Brusque, state of Santa Catarina. The goal was to facilitate management and to give greater independence to the field.³³ For the same reason, in December 1910 it was decided that the South American Union would be divided in two fields—one for those who spoke Spanish and another for those who spoke Portuguese. In 1911 the Brazilian Union was organized with F. W. Spies as president, and the understanding that it would respond directly to the General Conference. In 1914 Joseph supervised the establishment of the Inca Union Mission, including Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and E. L. Maxwell was appointed leader.³⁴

In addition to supervising the organization of the Adventist administrative structure in South America, one of Westphal’s major assignments was the management of finances, since all the resources sent by the General Conference went to the head office of the Union in Buenos Aires. For this reason, he was directly involved in managing the construction of many pioneer institutions on the continent. Referring to the institutions, he wrote once that, “in many aspects, they were like [his] daughters.”³⁵ Under his management, in 1907 the Chile Publishing House was retrofitted and moved to Espejo, a Santiago suburb, and the Chile Conference office was bought that same year and located near the Publishing House.³⁶ Also in 1907, they started construction of the building for River Plate Academy. During the time Joseph was the union president he transformed the academy into the main Spanish-speaking educational center of South America,³⁷ with the purpose of preparing workers for the many diverse areas of Adventist work.³⁸ In 1908 he bought the house belonging to Dr. R. H. Habenicht, plus 62 acres of land near the school of Entre Rios, where the River Plate Sanatorium was built. For more than 30 years it was the only South American medical institution managed by the Adventist Church.³⁹

Joseph continued to lead the union conference until 1915.⁴⁰ While he held that position, he also worked as president (1906 and 1908)⁴¹ and vice president (1907)⁴² of the Argentina Conference. In 1916, to facilitate the distribution of resources, they decided it would be better to reorganize the South American field into one division. The Brazil unions (under management of F. W. Spies), South American Union (under Westphal control), and Inca Union Mission (led by E. L. Maxwell) were included in the new South American Division. Oliver Montgomery, at the time president of the Southeastern Union Conference in the United States, was appointed president.⁴³ The South American Union, including the territories of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Falkland, had its name changed to Austral Union Conference,⁴⁴ and Joseph remained president until 1919. Simultaneously, he also led the Uruguay Mission (1916-1918).⁴⁵

In 1920 Joseph was appointed secretary of the South American Division, and he was replaced in the Austral Union Conference by Pastor R. T. Baer. He served as secretary of the division until 1929.⁴⁶ Joseph realized that his health no longer allowed him to do extensive travel throughout the division. In addition, an automobile accident had worsened his situation. For that reason, the following year he was designated field secretary of the General Conference, and he returned to the United States after 29 years in South America.⁴⁷ Simultaneously, in the 1930s he became secretary of the Ministerial Association of the General Conference, and he published a magazine called Evangelista (Evangelist) that circulated around the South American Division.⁴⁸ At the Fall Council in 1930, he was appointed by the General Conference to spend the following year in the Southern European Division, where he could especially assist the Spanish Mission with his ministerial experience.⁴⁹ Joseph was field secretary of the General Conference until his retirement in 1932.⁵⁰

During his ministry in South America, he also made contributions in the publishing area. He was the editor of Der Adventisten Rundschau (1906 and 1907), a German paper that circulated among the South American Adventist churches,⁵¹ and the corresponding editor of the magazines La Verdad Presente (1907-1909),⁵² Las Señales de los Tiempos, and El Atalaya (1913-1922).^{53 54}

Last years 

After his retirement Joseph kept working for the Church. He was recognized for his pioneer work in South America and he often received invitations to tell of his missionary experiences in the Adventist churches and academies of the United States.⁵⁵ He worked for three years in the Southern California Conference (1936-1938)⁵⁶ as a pastor in the German churches in La Crescenta⁵⁷ and Los Angeles.⁵⁸ He preached in public evangelist meetings,⁵⁹ conducted funerals, and officiated at weddings and baptisms.⁶⁰ He was president of the South American Division Club of Southern California, in which he gathered people who had formerly worked as missionaries for the Adventist Church in South America.⁶¹ He attended church administrative meetings and General Conference Sessions.⁶² When speaking about his ministry experience, he once said: “As far as I am concerned, the greatest thing the Lord has ever done to me is to connect me with this movement.”⁶³ The sacrifices are considered “absolutely nothing, when we see our blessed Savior, and recognize what He has done for us.”⁶⁴ Joseph Westphal died at the age of 88, on January 23, 1949, in Weslaco, Texas.⁶⁵

Contribution

Joseph W. Westphal was an important figure in the Adventist Church in the 20^th century. A pioneer in the establishment of Adventism in South America, his contribution was essential to the organization of the Adventist administrative structure on that continent. He participated in changing the South American Mission into a union, of which he was the first president, and later creating the South American Division. In his home country he also made a significant contribution by preaching the gospel, especially in the states of Wisconsin and Kansas.

Sources

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Westphal, J. W. “German Church.” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 37, n. 33, March 9, 1938, 3. Accessed August 22, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/PUR/PUR19380309-V37-33__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “Kansas Notice.” ARH, v. 75, n. 31, August 2, 1898, 13. Accessed August 20, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH18980802-V75-31__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “La Crescenta.” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 35, n. 44, May 27, 1936, 5. Accessed August 22, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/PUR/PUR19360527-V35-44__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “La Crescenta Church Dedication.” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 35, n. 38, April 15, 1936, 4. Accessed August 22, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/PUR/PUR19360415-V35-38__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “Los Angeles German Church.” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 37, n. 27, January 26, 1938, 5-6. Accessed August 22, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/PUR/PUR19380126-V37-27__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “Rio de La Plata Conference.” The Missionary Magazine, v. 14, n. 2, February 1902, 57-59. Accessed August 17, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/TMM/TMM19020201-V14-02__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “South America.” ARH, v. 78, n. 53, December 31, 1901, 10. Accessed August 22, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH19011231-V78-53__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “The annual meeting…” ARH, v. 76, n. 31, August 1899, 14. Accessed August 22, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH18990801-V76-31__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “The German Work in District 5.” ARH, v. 73, n. 25, June 23, 1896, 13. Accessed August 23, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH18960623-V73-25__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “The Work in Spain.” ARH, v. 108, n. 25, June 18, 1931, 20-21. Accessed August 21, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH19310618-V108-25__B.pdf#view=fit.

Westphal, J. W. “Wisconsin.” ARH, v. 72, n. 5, January 29, 1895, 12. Accessed August 20, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH18950129-V72-05__B.pdf#view=fit.

“Wisconsin Sabbath-School Association.” The Youth’s Instructor, v. 35, n. 36, September 7, 1887, 172. Accessed August 10, 2017, http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/YI/YI18870907-V35-36__C.pdf#view=fit

Notes

1. “Joseph W. Westphal,” The Review and Herald, v. 126, n. 13, March 31, 1949, 20.↩

2. H. W. Reed, “G. F. Westphal,” ARH, v. 89, n. 26, June 27, 1912, 23.↩

3. “Harriet Westphal,” ARH, v. 69, n. 10, March 8, 1892, 14.↩

4. “Frank H. Westphal,” ARH, v. 121, n. 16, April 20, 1944, 19.↩

5. Reed, 23; “Frank H. Westphal,” ARH, v. 121, n. 16, April 20, 1944, 19; Messinger, Franklin A., “Likes History,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, v. 86, n. 20, November 4, 1991, 3; and Decker, H. W., “Wisconsin – Tent No. 1, New London, July 2,” ARH, v. 52, n. 3, July 11, 1878, 22.↩

6. “Joseph W. Westphal,” in Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, v. 2, ed. Don F. Neufeld (Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1996), 871.↩

7. “Joseph W. Westphal,” The Review and Herald, v. 126, n. 13, March 31, 1949, 20.↩

8. “Joseph W. Westphal,” in Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, 871; “Wisconsin – Licentiates,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1888), 7; and A. J. Breed and F. W. Field, “Wisconsin Conference Proceedings,” ARH, v. 64, n. 27, July 5, 1887, 12.↩

9. “Joseph W. Westphal,” in Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, 871; and W. H. Wakeham, “Wisconsin Campmeeting,” ARH, v. 68, n. 27, July 7, 1891, 430.↩

10. J. N. Loughborough, “Missouri,” ARH, v. 72, n. 28, July 9, 1895, 11; and A. J. Breed, “The North Pacific Camp-Meeting,” ARH, v. 73, n. 27, July 7, 1896, 11.↩

11. A. E. Thomann, “Seventy-five Years an Adventist,” Columbia Union Visitor, v. 73, n. 26, December 26, 1968, 16; “Wisconsin Sabbath School Association,” The Youth’s Instructor, v. 35, n. 36, September 7, 1887, 172; A. J. Breed, “Wisconsin – Among the Churches,” ARH, v. 65, n. 7, February 14, 1888, 11; and “Friday, February 17 – General Conference Proceedings,” Daily Bulletin of the General Conference, v. 5, n. 11, February 15-19, 1893, 277.↩

12. “Friday, February 17 – General Conference Proceedings,” Daily Bulletin of the General Conference, v. 5, n. 11, February 15-19, 1893, 277; “Distribution of Labor,” The General Conference Bulletin, v. 1, n. 2, April 1895; “Second Meeting, 3 P.M., Wednesday, February 15,” The Daily Bulletin of the General Conference, v. 43, n. 1, February 16, 1899, 5; and J. W. Westphal, “The German Work in District 5,” ARH, v. 73, n. 25, June 23, 1896, 13.↩

13. J. W. Westphal, “Kansas Notice,” ARH, v. 75, n. 31, August 2, 1898, 13; J. W. Westphal, and O. O. Fortner, “Kansas Conference Proceedings,” ARH, v. 75, n. 41, October 11, 1898, 13; Westphal, J. W., “The annual meeting…” ARH, v. 76, n. 31, August 1, 1899, 14; Edna Robb, “Kansas Conference Proceedings,” ARH, v. 76, n. 47, November 21, 1899, 13; R. M. Rockey, “Kansas,” ARH, v. 78, n. 5, January 29, 1901, 14.↩

14. “New Oberlin Church Dedication,” Central Union Reaper, v. 37, n. 42, October 24, 1967, 7.↩

15. “Gillett Church Dedicated,” The Lake Union Herald, v. 62, n. 35, September 8, 1970, 12.↩

16. “Joseph W. Westphal,” The Review and Herald, v. 126, n. 13, March 31, 1949, 20; and “Arthur L. Westphal,” Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, November 3, 1983, 29; “General Conference Proceedings - Obituaries,” The General Conference Bulletin, v. 9, n. 8, May 22, 1922, 181; and G. W. Casebeer, “Mrs. E. W. Thomann,” ARH, v. 98, n. 51, December 22, 1921, 29.↩

17. T. B. Snow, “Allie Westphal,” ARH, v. 72, n. 46, November 12, 1895, 15.↩

18. “Joseph W. Westphal,” The Review and Herald, v. 126, n. 13, March 31, 1949, 20; and “Mrs. J. W. Westphal,” The Review and Herald, v. 132, n. 43, October 27, 1955, 27.↩

19. “Minutes of Mission Board Meeting, June 20, 1901,” Records of the Foreign Mission Board, v. 4, 1901, 5; and “70. That J. W. Westphal and wife...” The General Conference Bulletin, v. 4, n. 17, April 22, 1901, 390.↩

20. “The following brethren sail from New York...” ARH, v. 78, n. 35, August 27, 1901, 16; and Westphal, J. W., “South America,” ARH, v. 78, n. 53, December 31, 1901, 10.↩

21. Floyd Greenleaf, Terra de Esperança: o crescimento da Igreja Adventista na América do Sul (Tatuí, SP: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2011), 82.↩

22. Barbara Westphal, “Parents Par Excellence,” Review and Herald, v. 145, n. 31, August 1, 1968, 8-9.↩

23. Greenleaf, 85, 91.↩

24. A. G. Daniels, “Our Ministerial Institute in Argentina, South America,” ARH, v. 107, n. 18, May 1, 1930, 24.↩

25. Greenleaf, 85, 91; and Westphal, J. W., “South America,” ARH, v. 78, n. 53, December 31, 1901, 10.↩

26. Greenleaf, 85, 91.↩

27. Greenleaf, 82; Neilsen, N. P., “The Advent Message in South America – The Land of Opportunity,” The Church Officer’s Gazette, v. 32, n. 9, September 1945, 3; and N. P. Neilsen, “The South American Division – Work Organized,” ARH, v. 115, n. 51, December 29, 1938, 24.↩

28. “River Plate Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1905), 83; and “River Plate Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1906), 85.↩

29. Daniels, 24.↩

30. Greenleaf, 91, 93-94; and “Around the World Circle – South America,” The Ministry, v. 3, n. 4, April 1930, 22.↩

31. Greenleaf, 95; Arthur Whitefield Spalding, Christ’s Last Legion: Second Volume of a History of Seventh-day Adventists Covering the Years 1901-1948 (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1949), 105; and “Austral Union Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1917), 242.↩

32. Greenleaf, 103.↩

33. Ibid., 96.↩

34. Ibid., 103; and Arthur Whitefield Spalding, Christ’s Last Legion: Second Volume of a History of Seventh-day Adventists Covering the Years 1901-1948 (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1949), 105.↩

35. Greenleaf, 109.↩

36. Ibid., 108; and “Chile Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1909), 126.↩

37. Greenleaf, 114.↩

38. J. W. Westphal, “Rio de La Plata Conference,” The Missionary Magazine, v. 14, n. 2, February 1902, 59.↩

39. Greenleaf, 105, 108.↩

40. “South American Union Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1916), 150.↩

41. “Argentine Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1907), 95; “Argentine Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1909), 125.↩

42. “Argentine Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1908), 122.↩

43. Greenleaf, 138.↩

44. “South American Division Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1916), 150; and “South American Division Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1917), 158.↩

45. “Uruguay Mission,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1917), 161; and “Uruguay Mission,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1919), 161.↩

46. “South American Division of the General Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1921), 212-213; and “Division Secretaries – South American,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1930), 13.↩

47. “Directory of the Seventh-day Adventist Denomination – General Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1931), 5; Le Roy Edwin Froom, Movement of Destiny (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1971), 413; and Daniels, A. G., “Our Ministerial Institute in Argentina, South America,” ARH, v. 107, n. 18, May 1, 1930, 24.↩

48. “Association Hour at the General Conference,” The Ministry, v. 3, n. 9, September 1930, 7; and, N. P. Neilsen “Vernacular Ministerial Papers,” The Ministry, v. 8, n. 11, November 1935, 19.↩

49. M. E. Keen, “Report of the Autumn Council of the General Conference Committee,” ARH, v. 107, n. 59, November 27, 1930, 17; Westphal, J. W., “The Work in Spain,” ARH, v. 108, n. 25, June 18, 1931, 21; and Westphal, J. W., “Annual Meeting of the West Spanish Mission,” ARH, v. 108, n. 31, July 30, 1931, 17.↩

50. “Three Hundred Seventy-Eighth Meeting,” General Conference Committee Minutes, October 27, 1932, 832; W. F. M., “Our Veterans,” ARH, v. 113, n. 24, May 31, 1936, 64.↩

51. “Taquary Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1907), 124; and “Brazil Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1908), 156.↩

52. “Buenos Ayres Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1908), 156; and “Buenos Ayres Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1910), 162.↩

53. “Buenos Ayres Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1908), 156; and “Buenos Ayres Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1910), 162.↩

54. “Spanish – Senales de los Tiempos,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1911), 177; and “Buenos Aires Publishing House,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1912), 13.↩

55. “Walla Walla College,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, v. 27, n. 9, March 1, 1932, 5; “News Items,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, v. 27, n. 6, February 9, 1932, 5; Gorden Oss, “Elder J. W. Westphal Coming,” Northern Union Reaper, v. 25, n. 36, September 16, 1930, 2.↩

56. “Southern California Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1937), 58; and “Southern California Conference,” Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1940), 60.↩

57. J. E. Fulton, “Recent Changes,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 36, n. 1, July 29, 1936, 2; Westphal, J. W., “La Crescenta,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 35, n. 44, May 27, 1936, 5; and J. W. Westphal, “La Crescenta Church Dedication,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 35, n. 38, April 15, 1936, 4.↩

58. “Harvest Ingathering News Flashes,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 37, n. 9, September 22, 1937, 3; Westphal, J. W., “Los Angeles German Church,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 37, n. 27, January 26, 1938, 5-6; J. W. Westphal, “German Church,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 37, n. 33, March 9, 1938, 3; and J. W. Westphal, “A Harvest Ingathering Praise Meeting,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 38, n. 19, November 30, 1938, 7.↩

59. J. E. Fulton, “The Lodi Camp Meeting,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 34, n. 47, June 19, 1935, 3-4; “Union Office Notes,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, v. 27, n. 5, February 2, 1932, 8.↩

60. J. W. Westphal, “Anna Adams Kraupt,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 36, n. 30, February 17, 1937, 13; “News Notes,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, v. 34, n. 24, June 20, 1939, 5; and J. C. Culpepper, “A Baptism in Spain,” ARH, v. 108, n. 47, November 19, 1931, 22-23.↩

61. J. W. Westphal, and H. M. Colburn, “Notice to ‘South Americans,’” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 40, n. 10, September 25, 1940, 7; and J. W. Westphal, and H. M. Colburn, “South American Club Meeting,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 40, n. 21, December 11, 1940, 9.↩

62. “Camp Meeting Arrangements,” North Pacific Union Gleaner, v. 27, n. 20, May 17, 1932, 1; Jones, J. K., “Meetings in the Atlantic Union Gleaner,” ARH, v. 110, n. 33, August 17, 1933, 13; and “General Conference in Session,” Pacific Union Recorder, v. 35, n. 45, June 3, 1936, 1.↩

63. “A Morning Testimony Service: The Voice of the Pioneers and Others,” ARH, v. 118, n. 31, June 10, 1941, 250.↩

64. “Testimonies – J. W. Westphal,” ARH, v. 103, n. 27, June 6, 1926, 4.↩

65. “Joseph W. Westphal,” ARH, v. 126, n. 13, March 31, 1949, 20; and “Death of J. W. Westphal,” ARH, v. 126, n. 6, February 10, 1949, 24.↩